电脑技术学习

RHCE302重要学习知识点

dn001

  INSTALLATION
  
  Use the right boot disk for the installation:
  
  boot.img - Standard installation
  bootnet.img - Network installation
  pcmcia.img - PCMCIA required installation
  Install LILO in an appropriate location:
  
  MBR - If LILO will be the default bootloader
  First partition of boot sector - If you're using another OS bootloader
  
  
  LINUX FILESYSTEM
  
  The root filesystem is made up of 12 directories by default:
  
  /bin /home /proc
  /dev /opt /usr
  /etc /lost+found /var
  /sbin /mnt /usr/local
  
  
  KERNEL COMPILING
  Three options are available for configuring a kernel:
  
  make config
  make menuconfig
  make xconfig
  There are two types of kernel images:
  
  zlmage (small kernel images)
  bzlmage (compressed kernel images)
  The seven steps for compiling a kernel are:
  
  make configuration (makeconfig, make menuconfig, or make xconfig)
  make dep
  make clean
  make bzlmage (or zlmage)
  make modules
  make modules_install
  configure LILO and reboot
  Three shorter steps for compiling a kernel are:
  
  make configuration (make config, make menuconfig, or make xconfig)
  make dep clean bzlmage modules modules_install
  configure LILO and reboot
  
  
  X WINDOW SYSTEM
  Three X configuration tools are:
  
  Xconfigurator
  XF86Setup
  xf86config
  
  
  APACHE
  The main configuration directory is /etc/httpd/conf/.
  
  The main Apache configuration file is httpd.conf, used for httpd server configuration.
  
  To configure a virtual host, follow these steps:
  
  Set NameVirtualHost (NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.1).
  Set VirtualHost ().
  Set DocumentRoot.
  Set ServerName.
  Set ErrorLog.
  Set TransferLog.
  Close VirtualHost (
).
  Restart httpd (/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart).
  
  
  EMAIL
  There are three components of email:
  
  MTA - Mail transfer agent (sendmail)
  MDA - Mail delivery agent (procmail)
  MUA - Mail user agent (Pine, Elm, Mutt, Netscape)
  
  
  DNS/BIND
  To configure a domain, follow these steps:
  
  Set up a zone in /etc/named.conf.
  Set up a forward zone file (db.example.com).
  Set up a reverse zone file (0.168.192.in-addr.arpa).
  Restart DNS (/etc/rd.d/init.d/named restart).
  
  
  FTP
  To configure FTP, you need these files:
  
  /etc / ftpaccess - For ftpd configuration
  /etc / ftpusers - For user access control
  /etc / ftphost - For host access control
  
  
  SAMBA
  Files used with SMB are:
  
  /etc / smb.com - Main configuration file
  /etc / smbpasswd - Password configuration file
  To set up an SMB share, follow these steps:
  
  Add share to /etc/smb.conf.
  Use testparm to test /etc/smb.conf syntax.
  Restart SMB (/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart).
  Access SMB share (smbclient).
  
  
  DHCP
  To configure a DHCP server, follow these steps:
  
  Check for MULTICAST (ifconfig).
  Add route 255.255.255.255 (route).
  Start DHCP (/etc/rd.c/init.d/dhcpd start).
  Verify DHCP service ( /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f ).
  Configure /etc/dhcpd.conf.
  
  
  INETD
  To enable or disable network services controlled by inetd, you edit the /etc/inetd.conf file.
  
  
  
  TCP_WRAPPERS
  Controls access to only those services managed by inetd.
  
  To specify access rules, edit:
  
  /etc/hosts.allow
  /etc/hosts.deny
  
  
  ROUTING
  To set up network and routing services, use these tools:
  
  Use route tp sipw pr cpmfogire the IP routing table.
  Use netstat to display network connections, routing tables and interface information.
  Use netcfg to configure network information, routing, host information, default servers, and interface connections.
  Use ifconfig to configure a network interface.
  
  
  IPCHAINS
  The default chains are:
  
  input - Controls incoming connections
  output - Controls outgoing connections
  forward - Forwards connections
  
  
  DEBUGGING
  To debug your machine, follow these steps:
  
  Boot your machine. Decide whether you can fix the machine as is, whether you need to boot the system into single-user mode, or whether you need to use system rescue disks.
  Obtain a set of boot disks.
  Boot the machine with a floppy disk (or boot into single-user (linux single) mode as determined by step a).
  Check your filesystem. (fsck)
  Mount your filesystems. (mount)
  First mount your root partition. Then mount any other filesystems under your root (/) partition. (mount /dev/hda5/ /mnt/harddrive)
  Fix the problem.
  Check to see if you need to restart LILO. (lilo, or lilo -r)
  Sync any changes to the disk. (sync)
  Unmount any manually mounted filesystems. (umount)
  Remove any floppies, CDs, and so on, and reboot (Ctrl+Alt+Del).
  

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