Linux可以使用;Samba;套件提供;SMB;服务;(例如.;WfW,;Win95，及;NT型态的网路档案及列印分享)。
这一节会描述如何组态分享，以及如何从客户端存取这些服务。;
Samba;套件包含在;Red;Hat;发行版中，您可以检查是否安装以及其版本，键入:;
rpm;-q;samba
如果尚未安装，您需要使用;RPM;公用程式安装它。;查看;第10章，使用;Red;Hat;套件管理程式;(RPM);
一节;有关如何做的细节。;
这些;Samba;档中您应该关心的最重要部分是:;
/etc/smb.conf;
Samba;组态档是分享及其他组态参数的设定;(查看下面);
/var/log/samba/;
放;Samba;log;档的地方;
/home/samba/;
建议应该设定的档案分享位置。;然而，;您应该选择一个符合足够您存放档案空间的地方。个人来说，
我常设定一个大的;partition;挂载在;/archive/;;下并且放我的分享档案。
``/etc/smb.conf'';档包含了档案及列印分享的组态资讯。档案的开头几行包含了整体的组态方针，所
有的分享都相同;(除非他们超越了每一个独立分享的基础)，其馀的是分享部分。;
Samba;安装包括了一个预设的;smb.conf;档，可以满足您大多数的需求，且只需作稍微的修改。;
这是这个档的;一些例;(我会大幅地自订它给您看看更多重要及有趣的部分):;
#;Items;common;to;all;shares;(unless;over-ridden;on;a;per-share;basis)
[global]
#;Number;of;minutes;of;inactivity;before;client;is;disconnected
#;to;avoid;consuming;resources.;;Most;clients;will;automatically
#;reconnect;so;this;is;a;good;idea;to;enable.
dead;time;=;10
#;Don't;let;users;connect;as;“root”,;just-in-case.;;:-)
invalid;users;=;root
#;Specify;the;account;for;guest;shares;(shares;that;don't;require
#;a;password;to;connect;to.;;This;username;must;be;a;valid;user
#;in;the;/etc/passwd;file.
guest;account;=;guest
#;Specify;where;log;files;should;be;written;to.;;The;“%m”;suffix
#;means;that;log;files;will;be;created;in;the;format
#;log.machine-name;(eg.;“log.twixel”)
log;file;=;/usr/local/samba/logs/log.%m
#;Maximum;size;of;log;file,;in;Kilobytes.
max;log;size;=;1000
#;Password;level;3;means;that;case;is;not;an;issue;when;entering
#;passwords.;;A;little;less;secure;than;level;1;or;2;would;be,
#;but;seems;to;be;a;fair;compromise;for;user;convenience.
password;level;=;3
#;Specify;that;all;shares;should;appear;in;the;browse;list
#;(override;any;you;don't;want;on;a;per-share;basis).
browseable;=;yes
#;If;this;is;enabled,;you;can;see;active;connections;using;the
#;“smbstatus”;command.
status;=;yes
#;The;level;of;debugging;information;that;is;recorded;in;the;log
#;files.;;Higher;values;generate;more;information;(which;is
#;probably;not;very;useful,;most;of;the;time).
debug;level;=;2
#;This;will;send;any;Windows-style;“POPUP”;messages;received;on
#;the;server;to;the;postmaster;by;e-mail.;;Not;very;useful,;but
#;an;interesting;demonstration;of;what;can;be;accomplished.
message;command;=;/bin/mail;-s;'Message;from;%f;on;%m';postmaster;<;%s;;rm;%s;&
#;This;is;a;form;of;caching;that,;when;enabled,;may;improve
#;performance;when;reading;files.
read;prediction;=;true
#;A;list;of;services;that;should;be;added;automatically;to;the
#;browse-list.
auto;services;=;cdrom
#;The;location;of;your;“printcap”;file,;a;text;file;containing
#;definitions;for;your;printers.
printcap;name;=;/etc/printcap
#;If;enabled;all;printers;in;the;/etc/printcap;file;will;be
#;loaded;into;the;browse-list.
load;printers;=;yes
#;The;print;command;by;which;data;is;spooled;to;a;printer;under;Linux.
print;command;=;lpr;-r;-P%p;%s
#;The;print;command;by;which;job;queue;information;(printer;status)
#;can;be;obtained.
lpq;command;=;lpq;-P%p
#;The;print;command;by;which;unwanted;print;jobs;can;be;deleted
#;from;the;queue.
lprm;command;=;lprm;-P%p;%j
#;The;level;at;which;Samba;advertises;itself;for;browse;elections.
#;Currently;set;to;a;high;value;to;give;it;an;even;“foot-hold”;with
#;any;swarmy;NT;servers;on;the;network.;;:-)
os;level;=;34
#;These;are;user's;personal;shares.;;If;the;client's;username;matches;on;the
#;server,;they;can;access;their;home;directory;(provided;they;enter;the
#;correct;password).
[homes]
#;The;comments;appear;in;the;browse;list.
comment;=;Home;Directories
#;This;matches;the;username;of;the;client;to;that;of;the;share.
#;If;they;do;not;match,;no;share;will;be;displayed;in;the;browse
#;list,;or;available;to;connect;to.
user;=;%S
#;The;path;to;the;share.;;For;example,;“smithj”;would;map;to
#;“/home/smithj”
path;=;/home/%S
#;If;enabled,;allow;read/write;access;to;the;shares.
writeable;=;yes
#;Just;an;inverted;synonym;for;“writeable”.;;We;don't;*really*;need
#;to;use;both.;;:-)
read;only;=;no
#;Keep;this;disabled;so;that;a;password;is;required;to;access;these;
#;shares.
public;=;no
#;We;don't;want;this;share;(after;all,;it;is;private);to;appear;in
#;the;browse-list;of;other;users.
browseable;=;no
#;This;is;a;publicly;available;print;share,;called;“hp_laser”.;;It;appears
#;on;the;browse;lists;and;can;be;accessed;without;a;password;by;any;client.
[hp_laser]
#;The;comment;that;appears;in;the;browse-list.
comment;=;Main;office;printer;(HP;Laserjet;400)
#;The;username;that;this;share;is;accessed;as;(guest;means;all;users).
user;=;guest
#;All;generated;print;files;will;first;be;created;in;the;/tmp
#;directory.
path;=;/tmp
#;Do;not;allow;file;creation;except;through;print;spooling.
writeable;=;no
#;Set;permissions;accordingly;--;root;access;to;print;jobs;only.
create;mode;=;0700
#;If;this;is;enabled;a;password;is;not;required;to;access;the;share.
public;=;yes
#;This;should;be;enabled;to;indicate;that;this;is;a;printer;share.
printable;=;yes
#;Here;is;a;service;providing;access;to;the;CD-ROM;device.
[cdrom]
comment;=;Shared;CD-ROM;drive;on;Linux
user;=;guest
path;=;/cdrom
writeable;=;no
read;only;=;true
browseable;=;yes
public;=;yes
guest;ok;=;yes
小技巧:;最近的;Samba;版本，;从;2.0;以後，提供了一个非常灵活以网页为基础的组态公用程式叫做``swat''，
可以使得组态过程更为友善。这个公用程式倾听伺服器上的;TCP;port;901;，所以要使用的话必须将您的浏览器
指向下面的位址:;
mydomain.name:901
(当然如果要使用;SWAT;的话您需要让网页伺服器执行，像是;Apache。;查看;第7章，网页伺服器及;HTTP;快取代理
主机管理;一节;有关细节。);
最新版的;Samba;和;2.0;版之前的相比增加了很多功能。;升级到这个版本是值得的。;
客户端必须有;TCP/IP;network;stack;以连接分享。更进一步，为了浏览工作，TCP/IP;协定必须;bound;到
NETBEUI。在;Windows;95;可以由控制台中的``网路''进行组态。;
假设客端已经正常地组态好，;您应该可以看到伺服端的分享出现在“网路上的芳邻”;(或如果您不是使用
Windows;95/NT的相等的方案)。您可以从网路上的芳邻对映到网路磁碟，或键入到分享的绝对路径
(例如.;“mailcdrom”)。;如果分享服务需要键入密码，您会被提示。;
更多有关;Samba的资料可以在;Samba;Home;Page;http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba/中找到。
标签： linux
